There is, however, graphite structure in that the carbon planes are one above the other. Direct realtime monitoring of stage transitions in graphite. The stages of graphite intercalation compounds are labeled as stage 1, stage 2, etc. Interestingly, while the metastable high pressure phase c2li exhibits a superconducting transition at 1. Applications of graphite intercalation compounds journal of. Superconductivity in the intercalated graphite compounds c6yb. Pdf thermoelectric properties and electrical transport. The typical 1st stage compound has a composition of c6falf3o,i5 with a repeat distance of 940 pm. The electromagnetic absorption of a naethylenediamine. Study fecl3 cocl2 graphite compounds by heavy vapour. Pdf thermal expansion and lattice anharmonicity of. Intercalation compounds of graphite dresselhaus 2002. In particular, unlike pure graphite, some graphite intercalation compounds are found to superconduct.
Pdf synthesis of intercalation compound of graphite and. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. Solin department of physics, michigan state university, east lansing, michigan 48824, u. Structure and dynamics of graphite intercalation compounds. C x fs are synthesized by several different methods in the presence of various kinds of fluorides. Studies of li intercalation kinetics have proved challenging due to structural and phase complexity, and sample heterogeneity. Therefore, many substances, what is called intercalates, can enter into the gallery of the graphite to form graphite intercalation compounds gics. Thermoelectric properties and electrical transport of graphite intercalation compounds. A method of preparing graphite intercalation compounds in which graphite particles are immersed in an aqueous electrolyte media comprising both an acid and an oxidizing agent. Graphite intercalation compounds gics are an interesting and highly studied field. Dicenzo bell laboratories, 600 mountain avenue, murray hill, new jersey 07974, usa abstract carbon is xray photoemission spectra of alkali graphite intercalation compounds are shown to provide detailed. Zabel structure and dynamics of graphite intercalation compounds this coexistence of solid and liquidlike dynami cal behavior is unique for 2d discommensuration domain structures which do not melt through first order transitions but gradually transform into liquids by unpinning of domain walls via diffusive motion of atoms next to the. Supplementary movie 2 is a more complete description of this experiment.
The electronic interaction with the car bon sheets of the host graphite leads, in general, to a remarkable increase in electrical conductivity parallel to the orientation of the carbon sheets. Preparation and structural investigation of cucl2 graphite. New insights into the origin of unstable sodium graphite. The first of these to be reported 1,2 was c8k, which has a superconducting transition temperature of 0. Raman spectroscopy of graphite intercalation compounds. Intercalation compounds of graphite are of interest, both scienfically and technologically because of unusual properties that derive mainly from high degree of crystal anisotropy. Prudhomme department of chemical engineering, princeton university, princeton, new jersey 08544 received june 7, 2007. Intercalation events visualized in single microcrystals of. The influence of three different intercalation methods on the. The synthesis of potassiumgold graphite intercalation compounds. While the stage transition, changing the number of graphene layers sandwiched between the two layers of intercalant, is fundamentally important and has been theoretically addressed, experimental studies revealed only macroscopic parameters. Graphite intercalation compounds wikimedia commons. Nonoxidative intercalation and exfoliation of graphite by bronsted acids nina i. Lithium intercalation into graphite is a critical process in energy storage technology.
Jan 31, 2011 electrical resistivity and hydrogenphysisorption behavior of potassium graphite intercalation compounds in the course of reactions with ammonia, water, and oxygen. The opposite process with acceptor intercalation leads to a merging of the hole surfaces. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. Pdf synthesis of intercalation compound of graphite and its. New graphite intercalation compounds gics containing n,nnalkyl. Selbachand tor grande department of material science and engineering. Effects of the input of oxidant and intercalating agent on the ev of gics were discussed. Nomenclature and terminology of graphite intercalation. The influence of three different intercalation methods on the properties of exfoliated graphite xandra van heerden submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree masters degree chemical engineering in the faculty of engineering, built environment and information technology. Nonoxidative intercalation and exfoliation of graphite by. Kovtyukhova1, yuanxi wang2, ayse berkdemir2, rodolfo cruzsilva4, mauricio terrones2, vincenth. A snapshot of a threedimensional dendrite in pure ni with a cubic interfacial energy anisotropy obtained from a phasefield simulation with thermal noises 72 courtesy of a.
These materials are deeply colored solids that exhibit a range of electrical and redox properties of potential applications. Mallouk1,2,3 graphite intercalation compounds are formed by inserting guest molecules or ions between sp2bonded carbon layers. New chemical synthesis strategies have been investigated for the preparation of acceptortype graphite intercalation compounds gics with fluoroanions in order to obtain new materials and to develop a better understanding of the synthetic approaches and properties of the products. The thermodynamically unstable binary graphite intercalation compounds gics with na remain a main drawback preventing the implementation of naion batteries in the market. Such compounds are called graphite intercalation compounds. Ternary intercalation compound of graphite with aluminum. Formation of gic graphite intercalation compound is an important field of study currently, as it offers a method of producing graphene by exfoliation.
I gic combine two very promising ingredients, that is, a high phonon. Cedarviue, ohio alia moinuddin and mark marabito cleveland state university cleveland, ohio prepared for the 20th biennial conference on carbon sponsored by the american carbon. In the examples of the materials given above, an important component under. These intercalation compounds were obtained by prolonged heating of graphite with the lower chlorides cocl or pdcl i a stream of chlorine. Usually this energy is supplied by charge transfer between the guest and the host solid, i. The research on graphite intercalation compounds combines both aspects. Graphite intercalation compounds i structure and dynamics. Properties such as composition, temperature of formation, molar ratios, and particle size. In order to shed some light on the origin of nagics instability, we investigate the structure and the energetics of different alkali m. Graphite intercalation compounds gic possess a broad range of unique properties that are not specific to the parent materials. The physics of ternary graphite intercalation compounds.
One famous intercalation host is graphite, which intercalates potassium as a guest. Electrical, thermal and magnetic properties can be varied by intercalation, making these. Essential properties of lili graphite intercalation compounds arxiv. Nanotribological properties of graphite intercalation. A series of gics with different expanding volumes ev were prepared by a twostep chemical intercalation way. Afm studies zhiweichen, 1 danguo, 1 linasi, 2 andguoxinxie 1 1 statekeylaboratoryoftribology,tsinghuauniversity,beijing84,china. Vibrational excitations in pristine graphite and in graphite intercalation compounds are discussed. In stage1 compounds all the carbon layers are widely spaced, so that. Preparation and characteristics of highly expandable graphite. The immersed graphite particles are subjected to an anodic current and then removed from the electrolyte and rinsed with a solvent. Preparation, characterization, and structure trends for graphite. The concentrations of iron relative to carbon and the halogens for the compound made from p55 reaction product dl are much higher than that of previously known firststage fec gic 6j.
The name of a graphite intercalation compound is formed by combining the noun. The research on graphite intercalation compounds often acts as a forerunner for research in other sciences. Under certain conditions, the graphite intercalation compounds were formed containing intercalated anions of peroxosulphuric acids peroxomonosulphuric or peroxodisulfuric. Gic made from graphite flakes was used to study the microwave absorption performance of a gic for the first time. Graphite is one material whose properties are quite remarkable. Media in category graphite intercalation compounds the following 6 files are in this category, out of 6 total. Two potassium graphite compounds are kc 8 and kc 24.
The progress of materials science depends on the development of novel materials and the development of novel experimental techniques. Ferric chloride graphite intercalation compounds prepared. Intercalation and stitching of graphite oxide with diaminoalkanes margarita herreraalonso, ahmed a. Graphite intercalation compounds gics are an interesting and. Intercalation and stitching of graphite oxide with diaminoalkanes. Graphite intercalation compound, graphite fluoride a ternary intercalation compound of graphite with aif3 and f2, cxfa1f3j was prepared under fluorine atmosphere a t temperatures of 20400 c. Superconductivity in graphite intercalation compounds. The graphite intercalation compounds and their applications. The term graphite intercalation compounds may be abbreviated to gic. A sodiumethylenediamine graphite intercalation compound naethylenediaminec 15. These previous investigations did not address the effect of disorder in the carbon materials, or the mechanisms of lithium intercalation. Properties of novel cvd graphite fibers and their bromine. The aims of this work are to synthesize the hclo4graphite intercalation compound gic by chemical method and analyze the effects of processing parameters on the exfoliated volume ev of hclo4.
Graphite intercalation compounds gic are the most common precursors for expanded graphites which are promising materials for many applications. Graphite intercalation compounds 235 the network of carbon hexagons remains, with a cc distance, as in graphite. Here we report direct time and spaceresolved, alloptical measurement of li intercalation. Overview on the intercalation of gold into graphite halcea. Properties of novel cvd graphite fibers and their bromine intercalation compounds james r.
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